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Herbert I (died 13 April 1035), called Wakedog (from French ''Eveille-chien'', Latinized as ''Evigilans Canis''), was the count of Maine from 1017 until his death. He had a turbulent career with an early victory that may have contributed to his later decline. ==Life== He was the son of Hugh III and succeeded his father as count of Maine.〔Although Herbert was called count as early as 1016, his father was probably still alive in 1017. There is evidence to believe Herbert was probably involved in the administration of the county during his father's later years. See: Barton, ''Lordship in the County of Maine (2004), p. 46 n. 82〕〔Detlev Schwennicke, ''Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten'', Neue Folge, Band III Teilband 4 (Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, Marburg, Germany, 1989), Tafel 692〕 Herbert was, at times, a nominal vassal of his neighbor Fulk III Nerra, Count of Anjou but otherwise considered himself independent〔Richard E. Barton, ''Lordship in the County of Maine, c. 890-1160'' (The Boydell Press, Woodbridge, 2004). p. 102〕 and obtained his nickname "Wake-dog" for having to constantly resist the intrusions of his Angevin neighbors to the south.〔''The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis'', Ed. Marjorie Chibnall, Volume II, Books III And IV (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1993), p. 117〕 From the time Herbert became count in 1017, he was almost constantly at war with Avesgaud de Bellême, Bishop of Le Mans.〔Steven Fanning, ''A Bishop and His World Before the Gregorian Reform: Hubert of Angers, 1006-1047'' (The American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia. 1988), p. 54〕 In 1016, a young Herbert was allied to Fulk III in a war against Odo II of Blois.〔Jim Bradbury, ''The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare'' (Routledge, London, New York, 2004), p. 124〕 On July 6 Odo was en route to attack the fortress of Montrichard. Upon discovering this, Fulk and Herbert split their forces to block either of the two approaches.〔 Odo ran headlong into the Angevin force under Fulk, known as the Battle of Pontlevoy.〔Jim Bradbury, ''The Capetians: Kings of France, 987-1328'' (Hambledon Continuum, London, New York, 2007), p. 91〕 Odo’s greater force was prevailing and Fulk himself was thrown from his horse and in danger of being killed or captured, but a messenger had been sent to Herbert to come immediately.〔Kate Norgate, ''England under the Angevin kings'', Volume 1 (Macmillan & Co., London & New York, 1887), p. 158〕 Herbert attacked the left flank of Odo’s forces throwing them into complete confusion; Odo’s mounted force fled leaving his foot soldiers to be slaughtered.〔 Odo was completely defeated〔 and was unable to challenge Fulk again for nearly a decade.〔 While this battle established Herbert’s reputation as a warrior it also began deteriorating the relationship between Fulk and Herbert.〔Richard E. Barton, ''Lordship in the County of Maine, c. 890-1160'' (The Boydell Press, Woodbridge, 2004). p. 86〕 His battles with Avesgaud, Bishop of Le Mans were heating up again and in 1025 Herbert made a night raid on the Bishop’s castle at Duneau causing Avesgaud to flee to the protection of his brother William Lord of Belleme.〔Richard E. Barton, ''Lordship in the County of Maine, c. 890-1160'' (The Boydell Press, Woodbridge, 2004). p. 47〕 Once he was safe the Bishop excommunicated Herbert and then continued his warring against with him.〔 Not long after the excommunication was lifted and peace was restored between them when Herbert started raiding the Bishop’s estates again.〔 This time Herbert, with the help of Count Alan III of Rennes, attacked the Bishop at his castle at Le Ferte and reduced this castle as well.〔Richard E. Barton, ''Lordship in the County of Maine, c. 890-1160'' (The Boydell Press, Woodbridge, 2004). pp. 47, 87〕 On 7 March 1025, Fulk Nerra lured Herbert to Saintes on the promise of giving him Saintes as a benefice.〔Bernard S. Bachrach, ''Fulk Nerra, the Neo-Roman Consul, 987-1040'' (University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1993), p. 173〕 Herbert was captured and imprisoned for two years until a coalition forced his release.〔 During his captivity Fulk had taken over the government of Maine and before returning Herbert to his countship, he seized the southwestern territories of Maine including several fortresses, attaching them to Anjou.〔W. Scott Jessee, ''Robert the Burgundian and the Counts of Anjou, Ca. 1025-1098'' (The Catholic University of America Press, 2000), p. 31〕 It was only after suffering complete humiliation that Herbert was allowed to go free.〔J.B. Bury, ''The Cambridge Medieval History'', Vol. III (The Macmillan Company, New York, 1922), p. 126〕 Due in part to his wars with Bishop Avesguadus (an ally of Fulk Nerra) and in part with his imprisonment, the county of Maine declined under Herbert I.〔Jim Bradbury, ''The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare'' (Routledge, London, New York, 2004)p. 122〕 He built the castle of Sablé but by 1015 he had for some reason allowed it to become an independent lordship under the viscounts of Maine.〔 Likewise Chateau-du-Loir built in the early eleventh century also quickly came under control of independent castellans.〔 While plain coins with only Latin motto ''Gratia dei rex'' had been minted under comital authority throughout the tenth century at Le Mans, at some time between 1020 and 1030 coins were struck with the monogram of Count Herbert and the motto ''signum Dei vivi'' and continued with this design through the twelfth century.〔Richard E. Barton, ''Lordship in the County of Maine, c. 890-1160'' (The Boydell Press, Woodbridge, 2004). p. 53〕 The coins at le Mans were of such weight and fine quality they were among the most widely accepted in western France.〔 Herbert died on 13 April 1035.〔Edward Augustus Freeman, ''The History of the Norman Conquest of England, Its Causes and Its Results'', Volume III (Oxford, at the Clarendon Press, 1875), p. 676〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Herbert I, Count of Maine」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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